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    The economic feasibility of the decision of the Soviet government about the cease of use of net metals — Silver and copper — In monetary execution is especially clear presently. From middle XX in. In connection with development of new branches of a science and engineering before an industry is sharp there was a question on necessity of application of net and highly pure precious metals. It is caused by their physical and chemical properties. So, the silver is an irreplaceable material for manufacturing electrical fuses(safety devices), contacts in exact devices, plates of high-power accumulators, mirror glass, photosensitive covers for a black-and-white, colour and x-ray film.
    The translation of all Soviet monetary system on new materials came true gradually. The stamping of silver roubles was ceased in 1924, fifty-copecks coins — In 1927, coins by denomination in 10, 15 and 20 cop. — In 1931. Last three ratings with date «1931» are issued in the reference in minor quantity(amount) and now are referred to the most rare Soviet coins.
    In 1931 in execution the new type of coins from the nickel was launched. Figures of both parties has developed A. F. Vasutinsky. On the front to ten, -fifteen- and twenty-copecks coins the worker with a hammer in a hand was represented. He held a board with a designation of a rating. For the first time on the Soviet coins the full name of our state — « Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics » (on present coins it has appeared decorates drawing roubles such as 1961). On the stamp party the slogan « Proletarian of all countries, united! ». And on a place, which was held with an inscription « USSR », the feature has appeared. The congestion of a monetary field by elements of registration — figures, inscriptions, linear circular thins rim — created difficulties for execution. In result the type of copper-nickel coins of 1931 has held on till 1935.
    In 1935 figure of both parties 10, 15 and 20 cop. was simplified. However front saved congestion by fine details. But the stamp party has got that classical form, which long time was uniform for the Soviet coins of all denominations. A new type of the stamp party (without the slogan « a Proletarian of all countries, unite! ») was approved and for bronze coins, the part of which circulation was printed in a new kind. Per 1937 the number of crossbelts of a tape around of ears of the coat of arms of the Soviet Union with seven was enlarged up to eleven — On number of allied republics. By 1935 the first release of coins-type counters intended for pass to underground through special cash departments - turnstiles is referred. That the population did not confuse counters to coins, in middle of a circle the round through aperture made the way. It coincided with the centre of a five-pointed star, which was placed on both parties of a counter. On one party above a star the inscription «UNDERGROUND» under a star — «MOSCOW SOVIET» was located. On the back above a star was written « FOR PAYMENT of a FARE», under her — « TO OMIT in the automatic DEVICE ».

Coins-type tokens of the Moscow and Leningrad undergrounds

    In 1955 in connection with assignment to the Moscow underground of a name of a V.I. Lenin and start-up of the Leningrad underground the new counters, different for both cities and already without an aperture at the centre are issued. In middle of one of the parties of the Moscow counter the letter «М» placed, above her the semicircle went an inscription « the Moscow UNDERGROUND ». Below in two direct lines of the word « of a Name V. I. Lenin ». On other party, in middle limited to a circular thin rim, the head car of a train of the underground, above it(him) an inscription is represented: «COUNTER», below — « FOR a FARE ».
    The Leningrad counter on one party carried the image of an elevated part of station « the Area of Revolt » and inscription «The Leningrad underground of a NAME of a V. I. Lenin ». On other party the letter «М», on a trace a little bit distinct from Moscow, and on a circle of the word was placed: « FOR PASS » — « TO LOWER(OMIT) In a TURNSTILE ».
    The release of counters was business enforced, as in circulation there was no coin with a rating equal to a travel expenses the underground. After amalgamation of a standard of price in 1961 the provision has changed. Now entrance automatic devices in the underground are designed for use of a standard five-copecks coin. The undergrounds of the country become the largest consumers of coins of this rating.
    By the way, more often pre-war and first post-war years quite often come across also many collectors other coins-type counters. Usually they have the form of circles of a different diameter (from 16 up to 27 mm) and carry on itself inscriptions: « a NCFT USSR », « the Ministry of trade », « Senior Management of dining-rooms, restaurants and cafe ». These counters were on sale in cash departments of trade establishments of a feed(meal) (for example, in « restaurant - automatic device ») for cash money and entitled to receiving of a demanded(required) dish or drink through the trade automatic device.
    Last years the interest of establishments of trade to such automatic devices was notably lowered and only in some shops they have remained. For usage they use any more counters, and usual coins found in circulation.