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The first on-present soviet soft money have come up for the march 1919 in accordance with the decree-law SPC RSFSR from 4 february 1919 year. This were so named «accounting signs» bills in 1, 2 and 3 rub. Registration their was executed on motives of blazon RSFSR — sickle and hammer, wheats framed by bunches of ears, assessed on background, translucent by rays of sun. On tape under drawing placed slogan «Proletarian of all countries, unite».
    By means of the new money, got in folk a name «sovsigne», state was not presented possible to decide complex financial problems. In the december of same leave new accounting signs of more high nominal values — 15, 30 and 60 rub. Then have appeared bills value in 100, 250, 500 and 1000 rub.Slogan «Proletarian of all countries, be unite!» on they were performed on seeds by languages a world.
First soviet money signs (sovsigne) with heraldic attributes of Russia Federations
(1919 year.)     On the summer of 1918 the White Chechs have seized in Kazan over 30 thousand poods of valuables from gilded spare Russia. In dictation «Sovereign ruler of Russia state» admiral Kolchyak has alterred by sawing public valuables for amount of 651,5 million gilded by rub. and 100 million available in credit tickets of old sample. These money shameless were spent on financing of counterrevolutionary struggle, in enourmous amounts left for ocean. In 1919 g only, Kolchak has sent England 46 ton gold, Japan — 43, USA — 34, France — 20.  The whole for short term of rules «Sovereign ruler» has spent 184 ton precious metals— 11,5 thousand poods.
    Other politician conducted Soviet government. Compelled produce emission quickly lost purchasing power accounting signs, it in ditto time took effective measures for conservation and renewing the state spares of precious metals and foreign exchange.
    21 january 1918 year. UCEC RSFSR has taken decree-law on cancellation state internal and external loans of tsarist and Temporary governments.
    22 july were forbidden buying, marketing and keeping of precious metals in cheese type, in bullions and in coin.
    17 septembers accepted resolution PFP on forbiding the credit operations with credit founding, inhering outside of limits RSFSR.
    2 december published resolution SPC on liquidations in RSFSR foreign banks.
    12 septembers 1919 in «Izvestiya» was published resolution on prohibition export of money signs in hostile states and terrain RSFSR, occupied by enemy.
    V.I. Lenin turned greater attention on account and keeping of state valuables. On this witnesses number of documents.
    1 april 1918 year. V. I. Lenin has directed a letter controlling Moscow State bank office T. Popov. «Ask You take to the information that keeping of gilding spare inheres on Your responsiblity completely and all relationships on referring here questions must be produced by You in immediate conjunction with me or with тов. Gukovsky (people commisar of finance. — A.T.), Message of some information to other founding and persons is certainly forbidden»¹
    In 1920 g, resolute actions of Red Army and siberian guerrilla have prevented danger of export of part of gilding spare, praised Kolchak, from limits of Soviet Russia. After two years stay in hands of enemies revolutions that part of gilding spare, which they not spent or send foreign banks, in accordance with Kuytuk's agreement 1920 returned Soviet republic. Representatives War-revolutionary committee of Irkutsk have got 18 coaches, in which inhered 5143 boxes and 1678 bags with gold and other value by face value 409 625 870 roubles 86 kopecks gold. 3 mays 1920 gold(en) spare RSFSR have delivered in Kazan and have placed in intended him vault.
    14 aprils 1921 a Politburo CC RCP(b) addressed the issue on gold fund of country. В.И. Lenin personally written draft decision «About gilded fund»:
    «to entrust Alsky (in that time a deputy people commisar of finance – A.T) under personal responsiblity (in the event of departure to send other the member boards, from particular consents CC) keep a check on that,
    1) to was winnowed stricter exact and quick registration of all expenses of gilding fund;
    2) to nor one consuption of gilding fund did not sign nor SPC, nor SLD, nor presidium UCSC without special consent a Politburo;
    3) Written summary account in Politburo 1 and 15 each month².
    Lenin's project fall into resolution a Politburo from 14 septembers 1921. In he was named and surname responsible person, who was entrusted to change Alsky during its absences. This was O.Y. Shmidt, subsequently known researcher-arctic man, vice president of Academy of sciences USSR.
    Civil war all more intensified crisis of money facilities. Processes bathed-sale in country were displaced by natural exchange. Gained natural form a tax and obligation. Food assesment, on which крестьяне in obligatory order delivered excess of bread to state, was at first carried in Tula, Vyatka, Kaluga, Vitebsk and other region. With 11 january 1919 its have subjected Soviet Russia to  the whole territory of. Trade of bread and other types of provisions on «free market» in that period was forbidden.
    Closing a trade and change by its direct sharing the centerpieces of feeding on class sign have brought about wage-leveling in tariff politician. Difference between qualified and common labours practically was not taken into account. Toilling were ensured only by the living wage. This was dictated, how indicated V.I. Lenin, longing «to supply all possible more equally, feed, support, while impossible was get down to recovering a production»³.
    Food assesment as emergency method of stocking up a product of agriculture, free issue of labor soldering have narrowed commodity-money relations before extreme limits. Purchase and sale with using the money signs carried limited nature. It existed only on «free market», where under influence of defect of goods and price gamble grow with striking speed. At january 1920 retail prices on moscow markets are raised in contrast with 1913 in 6 thousand more then, but already in december – in 30 thousand once.
    Money calculations in limited form existed in relations between cooperative and state trade organizations with state and do-it-yourself enterprises – suppliers of goods. Public bank in these conditions has forfeited functions credit-checking founding and become to concern with only sharing the money signs. Decree-law from 19 january 1920s Public bank was abolished, in People's commisariat of finance are formed three management: budgetary-accounting, tax and central chancellery.
    First results politicians of wailling communism promoted creation amongst economists of opinion that exactly this way possible to realize speed turning a society to communist distribution and production. Apropos, toward cancelling a money was undertaken number of practical steps. In particular, in 1920 conducted in life resolutions on free furlough of products of feeding, free furlough of goods, on cancelling a charge per fuel⁴. 21 january 1921 g. cancelled billing for use by dwelling premiseses, pluming, gas and sewerage from workers and employees, invalids of war and labour. Were they simultaneously taken measures for conservation an food assesment, reinforcements forced begin in recovering an agricultural production.
    Fallaciousness of measures, directed on get fat cancelling the trade, on liquidation of money, rates on enthusiasm, rather then on personal interest of workers and peason in results of labour of quickly distances on itself now. Counterrevolutionary kulak-socialist-revolutionary revolt in the Tambov region, orgy of Makhno, revolt of Kronshtadt reflected certain partial fluctuations of peasantries, discontented продразверсткой, obtaining right to order excess to agricultural product at own discretion.
    As a whole on determined stage of history a policy «wailled communism» itself has justified. Soviet Republic was able to mobilize sufficiently scanty facility by ravaged war of country and bear in struggle against exceeding power to counterrevolutions and interventionists. However in conditions of transition to pacific socialist construction a continuation politicians «wailled communism» had no prospects. For cancelling a money and trade, transition to direct sharing the life goods on needs for country did not exist objective conditions. Explaining this, V. I. Lenin in article «To four-years anniversary of October revolutions», published 18 octobers 1921 in «Pravda», write:
    «We calculated — or, can be, more faithfull will say: we expected without sufficient calculation — direct orders
proletarian state to adjust state production and state sharing the products on-communist in small-peason country. Life has shown our mistake»⁵.
    Output from created position was one: recovering a trade and money relations in  the whole country on all amounts, liquidation an wage-leveling, entering a self-supporting running, orientating a production on profit. «Personal interest, — write V.I. Lenin, — raises a production; we needed increasing a production first of all and by all means. Wholesale business unites million's small-peason economic, do interesting them, linking them, leading them to further step: to different forms of relationships and associations in the most production»⁶.

Accounting signs 1919 y. Slogan "Proletarian of all countries, unite!" written on seeds by languages: russian, german, french, italian, chinese and arabic

    One of the main difficulties, with which is pushed state, having begun to develop free trade, introduce principle of material interest, was absence in country safely provided, hard currency. In creation firm soviet
money system important value gained question of stabilization of rate of rouble, shortenning an issue don't ensuries
money signs. «Manage us for a long-lasting term, but subsequently for ever stabilize a rouble, — spoke V.I. Lenin, — signifies, we are win»⁷. Fairness of these words more simply to understand, if take into account that financial standing of country was disastrous heavy. Money count even in personal facilities was winnowed on million's. If
first sovsigne 1919 had nominal values 1, 2 and 3 rub., already to 1921 in address released Russia Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Obligation by value in 10 million rub. Leave accounting signs nominal values in 25,
50 and 100 thousand rub. Appearance their was stipulated by practical need whereas, in 1921 pood of rye flour at the average cost 140 thousand rub., potatoes— 20 600 rub. To проехать on Moscow on tram one stop, was necessary pay for ticket 500 rub., two stops — 900 rub., number of newspaper «Pravda» was sold for 2500 rub.
    Million roubles, posession which now not at all meant big wealth, in vernacular without particular respect was refered to as «lemon». Interesting the utterance V.I. Lenin on IV congress of Comintern in 1922: «I duma that possible russian rouble to consider famous at least already therefore that amount of these roubles exceeds now kvadrillion»⁸.
    12 octobers 1921 published resolution UCSC «On founding a State bank». Purpose of its creation — to promote a development of industry, agriculture and trade turnover, determination of correct money address. In that
is signed agreements between RSFSR and republics an Transcaucasian on including them in united money system, which from time of civil war already united RSFSR, Ukraine and Belorussia. Transcaucasian Republic else certain time continued to release their own money signs, but money RSFSR obtained recognition an Transcaucasian on  the whole territory.

Accounting sign 1921 g.

    Shade 1921 was prepared first деноминация — reduction of nominal values of old money by change their new. With 1 january 1922 is stopped issues of soft moneys of old sample on  the whole territory of country, simultaneously declared that they are received a visit at payments or exchange on new signs on the rate one rouble for 10 000 rub. any former issues, allowed by the state to applying to the republic. Bills of sample 1922 g. value from 1 rub. before 10 thousand rub. graphic were performed more carefully, than issues of wailling years, but old, liked in folk a name «sovsigne» immediately has alterred by sawing to him. Before 1 october enourmous paper-money mass, clutterring up scope of turning, was from it withdrawn. Tsarist bond, Duma's money, Keren's money, different sort of securities and coupon rubleses to him replaced by united state money signs, provided, as on they were indicated, «all property of republics».

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1. Lenins collection. - M., 1970. - V. XXXVII. - p. 73.
2. In that place. - p. 321. - 322.
3. In that place. - V. XX. - p. 108
4. SU. - 1920. - №93. - p. 505; №99. - p. 531; №100. - p. 539.
5. Lenin V.I. The complete works  - V. 44. - p. 151.
6. In that place. - p. 152.
7. In that place. V. 45. - p. 283.
8. In that place. - p. 283 (kvadrillion = 10¹⁵)